ʻAno kila: ʻO ke kinoea āpau e kākoʻo ana i nā hale hou

Wehewehena
ʻO ke kila he ikaika kiʻekiʻe, māmā ke kaumaha, maikaʻi ka paʻakikī holoʻokoʻa, a me ke kūpaʻa ikaika i ka deformation, no laila kūpono loa ia no ke kūkulu ʻana i nā hale ākea nui, kiʻekiʻe loa, a kaumaha loa; he homogeneity maikaʻi a me ka isotropy ka mea, a he kino elastic kūpono, kahi e kūlike maikaʻi loa me nā manaʻo kumu o nā mīkini ʻenekinia maʻamau; he plasticity maikaʻi a me ka paʻakikī ka mea, hiki ke loaʻa ka deformation nui, a hiki ke kū pono i nā ukana dynamic; he pōkole ka manawa kūkulu; he kiʻekiʻe kona o ka ʻoihana a hiki ke hana ʻia me ke kiʻekiʻe o ka mechanization.
Pono nā hale kila e aʻo i ke kila ikaika kiʻekiʻe e hoʻomaikaʻi nui i ko lākou ikaika kiko hua; eia kekahi, pono e ʻōwili ʻia nā ʻano kila hou, e like me ke kila ʻano H (ʻike ʻia hoʻi he kila flange ākea) a me ke kila ʻano T a me nā papa kila corrugated e hoʻokō i nā pono o nā hale ākea nui a me nā hale kiʻekiʻe loa.
Eia kekahi, aia kahi ʻōnaehana kūkulu kila māmā me ka ʻole o nā alahaka wela. ʻAʻole mālama ikehu ka hale ponoʻī. Hoʻohana kēia ʻenehana i nā mea hoʻohui kūikawā akamai e hoʻoponopono i ka pilikia o nā alahaka anu a me ka wela i loko o ka hale; ʻae ka ʻōnaehana truss liʻiliʻi i nā kaula a me nā paipu wai e hele ma waena o ka paia, kahi mea kūpono no ke kūkulu ʻana a me ka hoʻonaninani ʻana.

Nā Hiʻohiʻona
1. Ka ikaika o ka mea kiʻekiʻe a me ke kaumaha māmā
He ikaika kiʻekiʻe ko ke kila a he modulus elastic kiʻekiʻe. Ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka sima a me ka lāʻau, he haʻahaʻa iki kona lakio density to yield strength. No laila, ma lalo o nā kūlana koʻikoʻi like, he ʻāpana liʻiliʻi ko ke kila a he māmā hoʻi ke kaumaha, he maʻalahi ke lawe a hoʻokomo. He kūpono ia no nā hale me nā ʻāpana nui, nā kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe a me nā ukana kaumaha.
2. He paʻakikī maikaʻi ke kila, plasticity, mea like a me ka hilinaʻi kūkulu kiʻekiʻe
Kūpono no ka halihali ʻana i nā hopena a me nā ukana hoʻololi, me ke kūpaʻa seismic maikaʻi. ʻO ke ʻano o loko o ke kila he like a kokoke i ke kino homogeneous isotropic. ʻOi aku ka hana maoli o ke ʻano kila e like me ke kumumanaʻo helu. No laila, he hilinaʻi kiʻekiʻe ka ʻano kila.
3. Kiʻekiʻe ke kiʻekiʻe o ka mechanization i ka hana ʻana a me ke kau ʻana o ke kila
He maʻalahi ka hana ʻana i nā ʻāpana kūkulu kila ma nā hale hana a me ka hoʻākoakoa ʻana ma kahi. ʻO nā huahana i hoʻopau ʻia o nā ʻāpana kūkulu kila mīkini i hana ʻia ma nā hale hana he kikoʻī kiʻekiʻe, ka pono hana kiʻekiʻe, ka wikiwiki o ka hoʻākoakoa ʻana ma kahi a me ka wā kūkulu pōkole. ʻO ke kūkulu kila kahi hale me ke kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe o ka ʻoihana.
4. Hana sila maikaʻi o ke kūkulu kila
Ma muli o ka hiki ke hoʻopaʻa pono ʻia o ka hale i hoʻopili ʻia, hiki ke hana ʻia i mau pahu kaomi kiʻekiʻe, nā pahu aila nui, nā paipu kaomi, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe me ka ea maikaʻi a me ka paʻa wai.
5. Kūpaʻa ka hale kila i ka wela akā ʻaʻole kūpaʻa i ke ahi
Ke emi ka mahana ma lalo o 150℃, ʻaʻole nui ka loli o nā ʻano o ke kila. No laila, kūpono ke kūkulu kila no nā hale hana wela, akā ke kau ʻia ka ʻili o ke kūkulu i ka wela ma kahi o 150℃, pono e pale ʻia e nā papa insulation wela. Ke emi ka mahana ma waena o 300℃ a me 400℃, e emi nui ka ikaika a me ka modulus elastic o ke kila. Ke emi ka mahana ma waena o 600℃, ʻaʻole ka ikaika o ke kila. I loko o nā hale me nā koi pale ahi kūikawā, pono e pale ʻia nā kūkulu kila e nā mea refractory e hoʻomaikaʻi i ke kūlana pale ahi.
6. ʻO ke kūpaʻa maikaʻi ʻole o ka hoʻolālā kila
ʻOi loa aku i nā wahi media pulu a me nā mea ʻino, he maʻalahi ke popo. Ma ke ʻano laulā, pono e pale ʻia nā hale kila mai ka popo, galvanized a pena ʻia paha, a mālama mau ʻia. No nā hale kahua kai i loko o ka wai kai, pono nā hana kūikawā e like me ka "zinc block anode protection" e pale aku i ka popo.
7. Haʻahaʻa kalapona, mālama ikehu, ʻōmaʻomaʻo a me ke aloha kaiapuni, hiki ke hoʻohana hou ʻia
ʻAʻole nui ka hoʻopuka ʻana i nā ʻōpala kūkulu i ka wāwahi ʻana i nā hale kila, a hiki ke hana hou ʻia a hoʻohana hou ʻia ke kila.