He aha nā mea maikaʻi o nā hale kila?

Loaʻa i nā hale kila nā mea maikaʻi o ke kaumaha māmā, ka hilinaʻi kiʻekiʻe o ka hale, ke kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe o ka mechanization o ka hana ʻana a me ka hoʻokomo ʻana, ka hana hoʻopaʻa ʻana maikaʻi, ka wela a me ke ahi, ke kalapona haʻahaʻa, ka mālama ʻana i ka ikehu, ka ʻōmaʻomaʻo a me ka palekana o ke kaiapuni.

ʻO ka hale kila he hale i haku ʻia me nā mea kila a ʻo ia kekahi o nā ʻano nui o nā hale kūkulu.Hoʻokumu nui ʻia ka hale i nā kaola kila, nā kolamu kila, nā pahu kila a me nā mea ʻē aʻe i hana ʻia me ke kila kila a me nā pā kila, a hoʻohana i ka wehe ʻana i ka ʻōpala a me nā kaʻina anti-rust e like me silanization, manganese phosphating maʻemaʻe, holoi a maloʻo, a me galvanizing.Hoʻopili pinepine ʻia kēlā me kēia ʻāpana a i ʻole e nā welds, bolts a i ʻole rivets.Ma muli o kona kaumaha māmā a me ka hana maʻalahi, hoʻohana nui ʻia i nā hale hana nui, nā wahi, nā kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe a me nā māla ʻē aʻe.Pili nā hale kila i ka pala.ʻO ka maʻamau, pono e hoʻopau ʻia nā hale kila, galvanized a pena ʻia, a pono e mālama mau ʻia.

Ka ikaika kiʻekiʻe a me ke kaumaha māmā.Ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ke kaʻa a me ka lāʻau, ʻoi aku ka haʻahaʻa o ka nui a me ka ikaika o ka hua.No laila, ma lalo o nā kūlana koʻikoʻi like, loaʻa nā lālā liʻiliʻi o ka hale kila i nā ʻāpana liʻiliʻi, ke kaumaha māmā, ka lawe maʻalahi a me ka hoʻokomo ʻana, a kūpono hoʻi no ka nui-span, kiʻekiʻe, kiʻekiʻe.ʻO nā mea hana kila he paʻakikī maikaʻi a me ka plasticity, nā mea like ʻole, ka hilinaʻi kiʻekiʻe o ke kūkulu ʻana, kūpono no ka pale ʻana i ka hopena a me nā haʻahaʻa ikaika, a loaʻa ke kūpaʻa seismic maikaʻi.ʻO ke ʻano o loko o ke kila he ʻano like a kokoke i ke kino homogeneous isotropic.ʻO ka hana o ka hana kila e hoʻokō pono i ka manaʻo helu helu, no laila he palekana kiʻekiʻe a hilinaʻi.

Ka ikaika kiʻekiʻe a me ke kaumaha māmā.Ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ke kaʻa a me ka lāʻau, ʻoi aku ka haʻahaʻa o ka nui a me ka ikaika o ka hua.No laila, ma lalo o nā kūlana koʻikoʻi like, loaʻa nā lālā liʻiliʻi o ka hale kila i nā ʻāpana liʻiliʻi, ke kaumaha māmā, ka lawe maʻalahi a me ka hoʻokomo ʻana, a kūpono hoʻi no ka nui-span, kiʻekiʻe, kiʻekiʻe.2. Loaʻa i nā mea hana kila ka paʻakikī a me ka plasticity, nā mea like ʻole, ka hilinaʻi kiʻekiʻe o ke kūkulu ʻana, kūpono no ka pale ʻana i ka hopena a me nā haʻahaʻa ikaika, a me ke kūpaʻa seismic maikaʻi.ʻO ke ʻano o loko o ke kila he ʻano like a kokoke i ke kino homogeneous isotropic.ʻO ka hana o ke kila kila e hoʻokō pono i ke kumumanaʻo helu, no laila he palekana kiʻekiʻe a me ka hilinaʻi.